Gear

Want a Better PC? Try Building Your Own

Assembling a computer yourself is a good way to learn how they work.
Gaming PC lit up with colorful lights
Photograph: Olly Curtis/Getty Images

Almost everyone uses computers, but we never really get into the guts of how they work. Sometimes it’s nice to make something with your own hands that you'll use every day. That’s what this guide is about: how to build a PC from parts.

This can be daunting for a lot of reasons—it’s expensive, it’s complex, it can get messy. But I want to be clear: If you can build an Ikea table, bookshelf, bed, or anything that comes in more than one of those deceivingly heavy flat packs, you can build a PC. The tricky part? I can't tell you how to build your PC. Not really. Not unless I know exactly which hardware you're using. I can, however, explain what each component does and what my recommendations are for each category.

Once you’ve built your shiny, new PC, it might be time to check out some other stuff to further accessorize your new partner in crime. Be sure to have a look at our guides for the Best Gaming Keyboards, Best Gaming Mice, Best Gaming Headsets, and Best Gaming Controllers.

Updated October 2023: We've revamped advice and added new picks in motherboards, GPUs, and cases.

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First, Let’s Talk Shortages

There has been a PC hardware shortage for the past few years. First, cryptocurrency miners bought up all the GPUs to farm crypto, then we got hit by a worldwide silicon shortage exacerbated by the pandemic. Things have gotten better in 2023, but availability and inflated prices of the latest and greatest components can still be an issue.

Third-Party Markup

When you're shopping for components, make sure you're buying from a reputable vendor. You may think you're buying from a large online store like Amazon, Walmart, or Newegg, but they allow third-party sellers to list products. There's usually a little notice that will tell you as much, right underneath the Buy button.

If it's shipped and sold from someone who isn't Amazon, Walmart, or Newegg, you're probably going to pay more for the component than its retail price. First-party sales (when the product is shipped and sold by the store whose site you're visiting) tend to have better prices that are closer to the actual manufacturer's suggested retail price (MSRP) of the item.

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I’ve tried to stick to first-party sales, but sometimes components are just not available through anyone but a third party. In that case, my advice is to give yourself a hard budget. Please don't pay double or triple what any of these components are worth. We've added buying advice to each category most affected by shortages to speak more specifically to each component's scarcity (or abundance now that prices are falling), but in general, just know that building a gaming PC, even as prices come down, might be a little more expensive than you expect. The key is to be patient. Grab components when they're cheap, hold on to ’em, and keep an eye out for a good price on what you need next. All of my most cost-effective PC builds have been slow-and-steady ones.

What Do You Need?

To get a list of components together, no matter what your experience level is, you should use PCPartPicker. Not only does it have everything you need to buy, but it also lets you build your PC piece by piece right on the website and makes sure all of your hardware will play nicely together. It even has a few example builds you can tweak to your liking. I also recommend keeping a list of what you want, what you have, and what your budget is. It comes in handy to keep track of things.

Regardless of what kind of PC you’re building (home office or gaming), the components you need are going to be the same. For the purposes of this guide you're going to see a lot of abbreviations, but let this section act as your glossary.

First you’ll need a motherboard, a central processing unit (CPU), a solid state drive (SSD) or hard disk drive (HDD) for storage, memory (RAM), a power supply (PSU), a case, and a monitor. The only thing you might not need if you're mostly using this PC for home-office tasks is a graphics card (or GPU), but it's necessary for photo or video editing and gaming. That’s a lot of stuff! That's without mentioning other peripherals like keyboards and mice. Here's a little breakdown of what each component does, along with some hardware recommendations.

Motherboard

This board has two RAM slots and at least one M.2 slot, a typical budget board.

Photograph: Gigabyte

Every other component plugs into this circuit board. It’s the highway they use to communicate and collaborate. They come in different sizes and configurations, but they all have the same function. Make sure you know which processor you want before you buy a motherboard.

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Motherboards come in a couple of flavors, but the most important thing to know is what kind of socket it has. There are basically two: LGA and AM. You'll always see them listed with a number after them, like “LGA1150” or “AM5.” The exact numbers after the LGA and AM portions of these socket names will change over time, to indicate which generation of Intel or AMD chips they support, but the standards as of 2023 (which will work with the latest chips from either maker) are LGA1700 for Intel and AM5 for AMD.

Motherboards also come in a couple of sizes, the most common being ATX (or “full size”). That’s what I generally recommend, especially if this is your first build. More room inside the case means more room for your hands, and the bigger the case, the easier everything about upgrading and maintaining your PC will be. Your PC case will list which size motherboard it supports, so make sure they match up. I've made that mistake before, and it's always a pain to realize your motherboard is too big for your snazzy little case.

Buying advice: What separates a fancy motherboard from a cheap motherboard? The truth is, not much. A more expensive motherboard is going to mean you get more ports, more slots for internal components like storage drives, and more slots for RAM or support for more RAM. Nicer boards also typically have more lights on them, which is of vital importance for a gaming PC, plus Bluetooth or Wi-Fi support.

The question, though, is whether you need those extra ports. When it comes to storage drives, two M.2 slots are plenty. Any more than that is kind of a luxury. With regard to RAM, 16 GB is what I'd say is the minimum for a gaming PC. Moving up to 32 GB is essential for video editing, and it's really nice to have for gaming, but it's not a requirement.

This list has motherboards of varying prices, but there are way more than we can ever test and cover for you. If you see one you like, write down its specs and compare it to others to find a good fit for your budget and your vibe. We try to keep this list updated regularly with prices that aren't too much higher than MSRP, but if any of the prices here skyrocket between updates, shop around.

Suggested Hardware
Processor (CPU)
Photograph: AMD

This is the brain of your computer. It sockets directly into the motherboard, and it’s the single most important component of your PC. That doesn’t mean it has to be the most expensive (we’ll get to that later) or that it's the most important for gaming performance. Like your brain, everything your PC does goes through here. Your legs are important for running, but it's your brain that tells them to move.

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Buying advice: You're going to see the highest markups on your CPU and GPU. But these prices will move around quite a bit, so keep checking if you can't afford the component you want at the moment. If the CPU doesn't mention including thermal paste, get some. Don't eat it. I know it looks tasty, but it's not actually food.

Suggested Hardware
Graphics Card (GPU)
Photograph: Nvidia

If you’ll be playing games on this PC, you’ll need a graphics processing unit (also called a graphics card). This is a specialized processor that’s designed and optimized for handling visual data like the graphics in games. It's also used in video and photo editing and other graphics-intensive tasks. Your CPU is the best of the best when it comes to processing information sequentially—one message after another—it does this lightning-fast, millions of times per second, but that's still not quick enough to run a graphically demanding game at a high frame rate.

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For that you need a special kind of processor, one that's not designed for sequential processing but for parallel processing. Your GPU can process thousands, millions, of things at the same time–think about all the things your GPU is rendering any time you play a game. Every rock, every tree, every gun, every player, every enemy, and on and on. It has to think about all those things all at once and weave them into a coherent three-dimensional environment for you to explore.

Buying advice: Even though they're more available than they have been in years, graphics cards are among the most in-demand PC components, and their prices still swing a bit higher than MSRP at times. That's why the picks on this list are generally mid- to high-end. In my opinion, it's better to put the bulk of your budget toward a graphics card. The higher you go now, the longer it's going to last—like buying a $100 pair of shoes that lasts you years instead of a $20 pair that falls apart after a few months. Cheap graphics cards are penny-wise but dollar-foolish for gaming PCs. For a regular old home-office PC, any cheap card from the past couple of years will do just fine.

Suggested Nvidia GeForce Hardware

Nvidia's latest generation of graphics cards is the GeForce RTX 40-series, but there aren't any on this list. As of this writing, they are still extremely expensive, and the 30-series is a better value for performance.

  • MSI GeForce RTX 2060: If you're looking to get into medium-end gaming, this card strikes a good balance between power and price. Also a great pick for an office computer that will do some video editing or some light gaming.
  • Asus ROG Strix RTX 3060: Nvidia’s RTX 3060 is a killer 1080p and 1440p gaming graphics card.
  • Zotac GeForce RTX 3080: This is still one of the top-performing graphics cards, even if you're running games at 4K with ray-tracing on. Add that it's under $1,000, and it's very appealing.
Suggested AMD Radeon Hardware

The latest generation of Radeon graphics cards is the 7000-series, and that's great news for anyone looking to buy a top-end graphics card but even better news for anyone looking to buy a previous-generation model and get a little discount.

  • PowerColor Red Devil AMD Radeon RX 7900 XTX: If you're looking for an absolute monster of a graphics card, this is the way to go. This thing is unbelievably powerful and lightning quick, and it makes short work of even the latest games at their tippy-top, ultra-max settings at 4K. You know it's good because of all the X’s.
  • Sapphire Pulse AMD Radeon RX 6600: The RX 6600 is a really solid pick for 1080p gaming on an AMD chip.
  • PowerColor Red Dragon AMD Radeon RX 6800 XT: If you want to snag a powerful GPU at a discount, the previous generation’s RX 6800 XT is my top choice right now. It's a beast of a GPU that can handle anything you throw at it, even Cyberpunk 2077 at full 4K resolution.
Storage

Samsung 980 Pro M.2 SSD

Photograph: Samsung

This is your PC’s walk-in closet. This is where you store all your files, your games, your movies, your documents, your photos, your everything. You can always add more storage later.

Suggested Hardware
  • Samsung 980 Pro M.2 SSD: Samsung's M.2 drives are always a good choice. They're quick, durable, and itty-bitty (about the size of a stick of gum), so they can pair with just about any other internal SSD. Most motherboards have an M.2 slot either on the front of the board or around the back, and you don't have to mess with any cables. This one clocks in at around 6,980 MB/s read speed and 4,876 MB/s write speed.
  • Samsung 970 Evo M.2 SSD: The Evo line is cheaper though a bit slower, but it's an excellent buy for any build. This M.2 drive tops out at around 3,500 MB/s read speed and 3,300 MB/s write speed. Slower than others on this list but still pretty quick—quick enough for gaming for sure. If you're on a budget, go with the Evo.
  • Corsair MP600 M.2 SSD: Corsair's MP600 drive comes with a built-in heat sink to keep temperatures down while it transfers your data at blazing speeds. It features a 4,950 MB/s read speed and 4,250 MB/s write speed.
  • WD Blue 1-TB Internal SSD: It's reasonably quick, with plenty of storage space, but this Western Digital model is better for a secondary storage drive—not the one you run games or your operating system off of.
Memory (RAM)
Photograph: G.Skill

You’ll see a lot of the same terms when you’re looking at memory and storage, but they’re very different. Memory is more like that one table you toss things on to deal with later. It’s scratch paper; it’s short-term. It’s very important, though, because software uses memory to cache (temporarily store) data in a place where it can be retrieved quickly.

Suggested Hardware
Power Supply (PSU)
Photograph: Newegg

Your power supply unit is a little box that keeps the electricity running to every component. It determines how quick and powerful your PC can be. The faster it is, the more power it needs, and you always want to have a little more than you need. Just like GPUs, PSUs tend to fluctuate in stock.

Suggested Hardware
Case and Cooler
Photograph: NZXT

Your case is just what it sounds like. It’s a metal box. It might be covered in glass panels and etched aluminum, but inside it’s just a big metal box that holds everything together. Make sure you match it up with your motherboard size. For example, if you have an ATX motherboard, you need an ATX (or “full-size”) case.

Suggested Hardware
  • Corsair Obsidian Series ATX Full Tower: There are lots of kinds of cases. Some are super-small, others are enormous. Your decision will come down to design as much as anything else. If you're unsure what to get, this one is great for your first build. Other case manufacturers we like are NZXT, Fractal, Phanteks, Cooler Master, and Lian Li.
  • NZXT H510 Elite ATX Mid-Tower: This is one of my faves. It has that NZXT minimalist charm, but because of the glass enclosure you still have plenty of room to show off with extra lighting. I've had an older version of this case for years now, and despite being a white case it stays very clean and hasn't discolored at all.
  • MSI Gungnir 110R ATX Mid-Tower Case: This budget-friendly case is a solid option for most people. Be aware that it'll be a tight fit—there's almost no wiggle room for bulky cables or hyperspecific configurations. It looks nicer for the money than you'd expect, and the RGB button syncs up your lights with very little effort. The smoky, tempered glass allows them to shine through without turning your office into an EDM show.
Operating System

When you build a PC, you don't automatically have Windows included. You'll have to buy a license from Microsoft or another vendor and make a USB key to install it. Here’s a little more information about what you get out of the newest version of Windows.

Putting It All Together

Photograph: loongar/Getty Images

The internal layout of every gaming PC is a little different, so we're not going to get too far into the details here. Your best bet for specific instructions for your hardware will be referencing your manuals and searching for your components on YouTube. It can be super helpful to actually see a person handle and install your exact hardware, especially when you're stuck and can't quite figure out what the hell your manual is talking about. But here are some general tips for putting all these components together.

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First, prepare a clean workspace. This can be a dining room table, a cleared-off desk—just any surface big enough for your case to lay flat on its side, with ample room around it for the rest of your components. You’ll also need a Phillips-head screwdriver that will fit the screws on your case. When you put these parts together, be sure to discharge any static buildup and work on a nonmetallic surface like a wooden table. Or you could just assemble the motherboard on top of the cardboard box it comes in.

Most of the components you bought are going to come with instruction manuals; keep them handy. We’re going to start with the motherboard, so open up the instruction manual to the installation page. It can be pretty intimidating—there’s a lot to look at—but think of all this as a big Lego set. Each piece fits into another. For the motherboard, your first job is going to be seating your CPU.

Installing Your CPU

Depending on what kind of CPU you purchased (Intel or AMD), the chip will have either little prongs on one side (don’t touch them) or little golden contacts on one side (don’t touch them). Seriously, don’t touch that side of your chip. Oils from your fingertips can damage the contacts, or you might bend a pin. Do either one and your processor becomes nothing more than an expensive hunk of silicon.

Seating your processor is pretty easy. First, double-check your motherboard’s instructions and make sure you’ve unlocked the processor socket. It’ll be a big square with a bunch of little holes (or contacts), with a lever or button beside it. Your motherboard’s instructions will say explicitly how to unlock the socket so you can put your processor in without any issues.

Once you’ve confirmed that it’s unlocked and ready, find which corner of your processor has a little golden triangle and line it up with the same symbol on your motherboard’s processor socket. Gently lower the processor into the socket, then gently flip the latch or locking mechanism. You shouldn’t have to fight it. If you have to press really hard, check that the processor is socketed correctly.

Next, you’re going to need your thermal paste. That tiny plastic syringe of silvery goo is very important for this next step. Now that your processor is seated, take a look at the shiny square of silicon in the center of it. That’s where your heat sink is going to sit. Your processor came with a heat sink, and on one side of it, you’ll see a copper circle. You’re going to be putting the heat sink directly on top of the processor after we apply the thermal paste, with the silicone square and the copper circle lining up perfectly.

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Go ahead and carefully squeeze a tiny ball (no bigger than a pea) of thermal paste onto the silicon square on your processor. You’ll want it as close to the center as you can get.

Now line up your heat sink with the screws surrounding your processor and gently lower it into place. You’re gonna squish the thermal paste, and the goal here is to create a thin layer covering the back of your processor. It’s OK if it oozes a little bit, but if it oozes out and over the edge of the processor, you've used too much. Get some isopropyl alcohol, dab it on a lint-free wipe, and clean the processor and heat sink. Wait till they’re thoroughly dry and try again.

If it looks all right, screw your heat sink into place. Flip back to your motherboard instruction book and find the right place near the processor socket to plug in your heat sink’s cooling fan. It should be close to your processor socket. Once you’ve found it, plug it in—congratulations, you just installed a CPU. This was the hardest part, and it’s over. Good job!

Installing Your Storage and Memory

Memory is maybe the easiest thing to install. See those vertical little sockets beside the CPU? Line up your sticks of RAM and slot them in, starting from the left-hand slot. They’ll lock into place once you’ve seated them properly. If you have two sticks of RAM, make sure to skip a slot between them. Your motherboard manual should say which slots to use.

For your hard drive or solid-state drive (SSD), find an empty bay in the front-facing part of your case. Slide your drive in and screw it into place. If you have an M.2 drive (a tiny SSD about the size of a stick of gum), there should be a place on the motherboard where you slot it directly. Check your motherboard’s manual to see where the M.2 slot is.

Installing Your Motherboard and Power Supply

The rest of this is formulaic. Start by putting your motherboard into your case. Consult your motherboard’s instructions, line up the screw holes in the case with the ones on your motherboard, and get to work.

Next, you’ll want to install your power supply. There should be a spot for it near the top or bottom of the case, a big square spot that will fit your supply perfectly. If you’re having trouble finding it, look at the back of your case: There’ll be a big empty square. That’s where the power supply goes (and where you’ll plug in your PC when you’re all done). Once you've found its home, slot it in and screw it into place. Make sure all the snaky cables coming out of the power supply will reach your motherboard with room to spare. Do not plug in anything yet; we’re going to come back to the power supply in a bit.

Installing Your Graphics Card
Photograph: Nvidia

Your GPU is going to be pretty big. Even a modestly powerful GPU like the RTX 2070 is large compared to your other components. That means how it fits into your case is important. Once you put your GPU in there, space is going to start getting tight.

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Flip open your motherboard’s instruction book again and look for a PCIe slot. It’s going to be a horizontal slot with a little plastic latch beside it, near the middle or bottom of your motherboard. That’s where the GPU plugs in. All you need to do is identify the back of your GPU (the side with the HDMI and DisplayPort), line that up with the back of your case, and push the GPU into the horizontal slot. It should lock into place easily enough; if it doesn’t, make sure you’re inserting it correctly.

Find another one of those tiny little screws and fasten your GPU to the case. There’s a little spot for that on the same piece of metal with the HDMI ports. It should be easy to find.

Now, take a look at the cables coming out of your power supply. There should be a few that look like they could fit into the square (or rectangular) socket on the side of your GPU. It should look like six or eight little holes in a rectangle shape. If you’re having trouble, take a look at this video from hardware manufacturer Asus. Some of the specifics will be different, but it’s a great look at how to install a GPU.

Ribbon Cables

The motherboard needs to be hooked into all your devices. The power supply unit I used in this build is what's called fully modular, which means that you can select the cables you need and leave the rest off to eliminate clutter. Otherwise, power supplies have a ton of cables, and you'll have to deal with the unused power connections dangling inside your case. You'll need to connect the PSU to the SSD and the motherboard.

You also need to plug the motherboard into your case—the power buttons, audio plugs, and USB ports on the front of your case. There are special headers for each kind of plug scattered around the board, so check your manual for the location and function of each grouping of pins. These tiny pins need to be plugged in a certain way, and they're unbelievably minuscule. There's also a hookup for the case's fan—in the case I used there was one header on the motherboard but three fans installed. Then there's the SATA cable for your SSD, which plugs into the motherboard.

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This part of your build really depends on the hardware you purchased, so consult the manuals for each component to ensure you've correctly plugged them into your motherboard and the power supply.

Boot It Up and Install Windows

The final stage of your build is a simple one: Hit your Power button. If the PC whirs to life, you probably put it together perfectly! If it doesn't, don't despair. There are a lot of potential problems that could cause a PC to fail to boot up for the first time. This video from Kingston goes over some pitfalls that might cause you some headaches, so if you're not able to boot your PC, give it a watch and retrace your steps.

There's also a chance you could have received faulty components. This video goes over some tips on how to check your parts. In general, if you’re having trouble with a specific component, YouTube is your friend. There are tons of helpful PC-building tutorials.

If it started up just fine, the next step is super easy: Turn it off. Remember that Windows flash drive you made earlier? Plug it into the PC and boot it up again. If you set it up right, your computer should just do its thing and get started installing Windows. If not, you might need to open your BIOS (check your motherboard's manual for how to do that) and set the USB drive to be a “boot device” first. Here's a brief rundown of that process (start at step 3).

You Did It!

Congratulations on building your first PC. It's a bit of a pain, but it's a great way to spend an afternoon. Or a couple of days, depending on how many unforeseen headaches you run into.